La Jetee - The classic short that inspired "12 Monkeys".

'The Jetty' is a short film from the 1960th, about a man who's last ordinary memory is of a moment in his childhood, when he sees his mother in an airfield terminal.
What happened next was an Atomic Holocaust, which erased life from the planet's surface, and sent the remaining few survivors to the underground, for many years.
There they developed scientific society, with emphasis on experiments in Time Travel, in order to regain the moment before the atomic explosion.
The hero, who's mother's image is fixed in his mind, is sent back to the place and time of his last memory, the terminal, only to find again that there is no escape from the arrow of time.
Time control the last scene, where he is helpless in his attempt to change anything.

The film inspired the "12 Monkeys", a famous movie starring Bruce Willis. In that movie, the cause for the holocaust are biological viruses, which are spread by air transportation very fast around the world.