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Tuesday, November 13, 2018

The Maker of Maps - a metaphorical tale


One day, a foreign dignitary visited the Map Maker's shop, and at the dignitary's request the Map Maker prepared him the most exquisite of maps made of the finest parchment, with the rarest inks. The Map Maker worked late into the night, ignoring mealtimes and calls for bed. In the morning, the dignitary called to pick up the map as arranged and he was delighted.

Reverently he unrolled the map out on the Map Maker's desk. Beneath their eyes desert lands unfurled in gold, while green-brown forests and peaked mountains lay before them. Delicate lines marked out contours, latitudes and longitudes, and exquisite letters showed the locations of towns, villages and cities.

"Map Maker" said the dignitary, pointing to a deep blue river on the map, "tell me of this area here".

"Sire" replied the Map Maker "I know not of these areas I draw. My maps are drawn from the words and the maps of others who have gone before me." And he took the dignitary to a room at the back of the shop that contained books from travellers, hand drawn maps, sketches, and all manner of paper and record.

The dignitary hid his disappointment well, but soon after he left, the Map Maker began to hear disturbing stories. That people were saying that they could not trust his work. Saying, that if he simply put together his maps from other peoples work then however fine they were, how could anyone guarantee their accuracy? How could anyone who used them know that they would simply not get lost?

Over the weeks, he noticed a slowing down of business, until his customers had almost stopped coming in their entirety. Now, this sorely vexed the Map Maker, for not only was this how he made his living, but he was a deeply proud man, proud of both his art and his reputation. And it pained him to the core of his being that his maps might not actually be as good as he had always believed them to be. So he resolved to discard his work and to discard his books and his drawings, and venture out into the world himself, and learn his art again anew.


So, he sold his shop, his fine pens and his parchments. He sold his rare ink and his gold leaf, his books, papers and records. With the proceeds from the sale, he paid of his servants and was about to put the remaining money in the single bag he had packed for his journeys when he had a thought. This thought came unbidden, and he knew not from where, but it seemed important to him somehow.


"If I am to start out anew then I must go out into the world as much as a new born child as I am able. Only then will I be able to immerse myself deep in my art".


And so he gave the remainder of his money to a beggar outside the shop, and he left his shop and he left his city. As he walked passed the city gates with only his clothes and his bag he turned back to look, and it seemed to him as if he was leaving a strange place.


Many days he wandered and there was much fear in his heart, for he had no maps to guide him now. But many days there was much joy too, as he took to sketching with the simple pencils and paper he had brought with him for the task of relearning his art. And sometimes he measured, and drew maps, and sometimes he just sat, deep in a silence. And it would seem to him afterward, that it was at these times that he was most deeply immersed in his art, and that it was in this inner sense of silence that he learned the most.


As he learned to survive, to trade his physical labour or his skills as an artist for food, the days when he felt fear grew less, and the days when he felt joy, grew more. He came to know the pleasure of rain on his skin, the soft sound of birdsong as the sun rose in the mornings. He came to learn the ache of muscles worked hard during a long day. He came to appreciate the bright crispness of a winter's day, the newborn colours of spring, the warm joy of summer and the red-gold quiescence of autumn. He discovered the joys of a simple welcome and of hospitality, of a giving and receiving, motivated only by a common humanity.


As he wandered, his muscle grew hard, and his body lean and tanned. His face became lined and radiated a peace and a gentle silence that filled the people he met with quiet awe and reverence. Yet none of this he noticed.


When he came to a new town, he would tell the people there of his travels, and he would illuminate his stories with pictures and maps of his own making, drawn both on paper, and in the air with his arms as he told his tales. And he started to notice a strange thing; that when he came into a new place, people seemed to know him, and to have been waiting eagerly for his arrival. Audiences would gather to hear of his travels, and he would leave behind maps and pictures for the people, never taking them on with himself in his journey but always starting out anew with fresh pencils and plain paper. 


As he continued to wander, he came to realise that the maps he carried in his memory would guide him better than the maps he drew on paper, because they could change, and in winter, would have snow and ice, and in summer, fields and desert. So he started to tell his audience that they did not need his maps, that the maps that they carried in their heads were much more useful, because they would change, but only the children seemed to understand, and so he would still leave maps and pictures for the townsfolk wherever he wandered.


Time went on, and although he had not forgotten why he had left the city, his purpose became less and less important to him.


Over time, he noticed that people seemed to treat him differently. The children would rush toward him still and clutch at his clothes, begging to hear his stories, and the adults would welcome him into their homes, offer him work and give him food, but there was a change. There was an air of hushed reverence and deference in their treatment of him and gradually this came to trouble him. One day he stopped at a village that he knew well, and the people of the village welcomed him with their usual love and respect, but he asked of them "Why this change? For many years now I have travelled, and I've come through your village, and you have always welcomed like a brother, but this, this is different. Why do you now treat me like a…?" and he paused, lost for the word.


"Magus, you do not know?" asked one villager. The answer troubled him further, and he shook his head, so the villager lead him to the village meeting hall. There, inside, and surrounded by people, lay one of his maps, left behind from a previous visit. The villagers parted to let him through, and he approached the map, only to notice the most curious thing. When he was here last, he had drawn a map of the land in winter, with snowcaps and frozen lakes. This, this was a map of the land in summer, all green fields and flowing rivers. He peered closer, and was surprised to see movement. If he looked closely enough, he could see the meeting hall. And if he looked closer still, he could swear that he could almost see into the hall itself, and see himself standing surrounded by the awed villagers. He laughed out loud.

"Do you see, Magus?" the villager asked.

"I see nothing" said the Maker of Maps, kindly, "I see only what I have told you all along, but only the children understood." and with that, he picked up the map, and tore it into little pieces. He turned to the villager, placed his hand upon the villager's head and asked "And who has the best map, now?"

ABOUT THE AUTHOR


Adam is an NLP practitioner and Hypnotherapist, as well as a mental health nurse with over a decades experience. He is passionate about the use of language to effect change, and about the ability of people to maximise their own potential. link: Hypnosis MP3s and CDs

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Illustrated maps is nice and easy way to find ways


ABOUT THE AUTHOR


Why are bird's eye view mapgetting popular? What makes campus illustrated mapsandcityscape art so special? Know at illustrative-maps.com

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Maps and Posters and Art



Children of today certainly miss out on that experience with the dominance of GPS’s, computers, I-Phones, Kindles and all the other high-tech gadgets that exist today and that are slowly replacing books. Nothing electronically today however, can compare to spending an hour or two with a well laid out atlas. And with the GPS becoming more and more common, displacing the old fold up (or fold out) car map, a certain amount of exploring fun is missing from our lives.

How great is it to get lost in some strange city or town, open the glove box, pull out the map, lay it on the hood of your car, fighting the wind , working your way painfully from where you are to where you want to be and then attempting to fold the map back into its original configuration. Often an impossible last for those persons endowed with two left thumbs. A lot of  the time, the map ended up back in the glovebox a tangled, crumpled mess, waiting for the next victim.

However, maps and posters depicting places you have visited or a place you live in are always a conversation piece. Many people like to look at a framed map or a poster depicting a city, a town or a place they have been and identify a place they have stayed or the home of a friend or some well known landmark. A friend of mine has a poster map of the area of Canada he lives, under a glass on the counter of his business. About two out of three people will view the map with interest and spend a few minutes identifying where they live. Try and do that with a GPS.

Maps and poster maps are colorful, educational, sometimes works of art and are great for wall hangings. Maps are a means for conveying geographic information and are a universal medium for communication. Old maps provide much information about what was known in times past, as well as the philosophy and cultural basis of the map, which were often much different from modern cartography. Maps are one means by which scientists distribute their ideas and pass them on to future generations. Today’s maps, in a poster style, can be produced in 3D (see http://www.earthplaces.ca/) making them artistically pleasing as opposed to the old style of 2D or flat maps.

A lot of old maps made in limited qualities are indeed works of art and collectibles. Regardless of how sophisticated the world becomes technologically, there will always be a place for the good old map.



ABOUT THE AUTHOR


Michael Trigg owns a number of businesses in Vancouver, British Columbia including http://www.earthplaces.ca/. He has written several books including a self help book on financing and several children's books.

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Pareidolia



The psychological phenomenon of Pareidolia, according to which the brain responds to visual stimulation by perceiving a familiar pattern that does not exist in practice, is very common.
Common examples are captured images of animals, faces, or objects in cloud configurations. Rocks may mimic familiar shapes created by their processes of formation and decay.
People with a hobby can collect small pieces of concrete or pebbles resembling bones, skulls, oysters, turtles, and so on, which resemble the source both in size and shape.
The act of imagination make it possible to to separate undefined images, such as walls and surfaces stained with different stains, or made from a mixture of different types of materials, to well understood forms. We turn them to familiar objects, such as human figures with strange expressions, landscapes, impressive clothes, and any other well known image.

In most cases people interpret random images, or patterns of light and shadow, like faces. Research has found that objects perceived as faces trigger an early activation of the brain region that specializes in object recognition, and the brain does so in the same way that ordinary faces do, whereas other ordinary objects do not activate the same reaction. The activation even occurs at a slightly higher speed than the response to images of real faces.

In the brain, cognitive processes are triggered by any 'face-like' object, and they alert both the emotional state and the identity of the subject, even before the conscious mind begins processing or even receiving the information. This powerful and sophisticated ability to process information is at the core of the brain, and therefore subconscious. The information becomes knowledge even before it is pass on to the rest of the brain for detailed processing.

Facial recognition software is very successful because of the great diversity of human faces. You can recognize faces with tiny details. The area of the brain responsible for identifying the faces is one of the most developed.

This feature also helps the brain to easily transform inanimate objects into simulated faces.

Because the face recognition area is one of the most developed parts of the brain, The process of identifying and separating the faces is so well developed, that it seems to be operated without questions. We can walk in a strange city we have never been to, look for a moment at a face staring out of the crowd, and identify him. The ability to recognize faces is a wonder of the human brain, and people are so good at it that the feeling is that we do it effortlessly.

The area of the brain that is responsible for facial recognition continues to develop and functions better after adolescence, into our adulthood. This is a discovery of the brain structure, which is an important news for scientists, on a subject that is still hidden under the surface.

Although the appearances of faces in food, hairstyles and pictures are a subject of laughter, there is a very important truth behind the phenomenon. We are prone to seeing faces in every corner of the visual world. These experiences express the enormous impact imagination has on our perception.

What is there inside human beings that just pop up in front of our eyes at every opportunity? Many websites are decorated with pictures of human faces in fences, electricity poles, sidewalks, cracks in the wall, and so on. Studies reveal a very complex picture in which psychology, evolution and even spirituality play a central role. In many cases the faces we see are composed of basic geometrical shapes. But even the most dim images evoke faces. No matter how vague and random the patterns are, somehow, the brain manages to produce within them the contours of a human face.

We tend to believe that our eyes represent a reliable picture of reality, but in reality the eyes are merely means of transmitting light waves. The organ who makes up the picture is the brain, and the brain has its own pattern of action. One of the ways in which the brain arranges images is by creating a prediction of what appears, based on our past experience. It throws the existing expectations on everything we look at and intertwines them with the meaning it produces. In this way the brain can create a clear meaning even from a blurry image or poor visibility. On the other hand, this method makes our vision so subjective that in a sense we see what we want to see.

In face recognition, apart from the visual part of the brain, other parts of memory and planning also work. As a result, a unique part of the brain, which responds especially when stimulating human faces, is activated. It gives us the feeling that we are looking at thinking and feeling things, that we see "real" faces. People follow the "gaze" of objects just as we are used to following the gaze of people, and are tempted to look and see what makes them react so.

One possible answer to this riddle is that we see so many real human faces in everyday life that we expect to see them everywhere. From childhood, this is the most common stimulus we encounter. Another answer, for evolutionary reasons, human survival depends on other people, whether or not we need help from them. One must understand other people and decipher their behavior at high speed, so it is possible that the brain is wired to identify other people at every opportunity. The accidental error of "fake" face recognition in a tree trunk is not as serious as failing to recognize a real face hiding in the bushes.

A similar mechanism may work in the opposite direction. The brain tries to cast its human qualities on things that are not necessarily human according to the accepted definitions. In an attempt to deal with the uncertainty of the world, man 'facialize' various phenomena and seeks his reflection in nature.

One of the most prominent examples is the 'faces' of cars, with the human contours that come from the lights and the grill. Everywhere in the world, locals associate the same human expressions with cars. A car with round headlights and a small grill, for example, is described as feminine. On the other hand, straight lights and a wide grill are considered masculine. There is a need for the brain to locate biological information in the form of facial expressions, wherever it can. It is amazing to see how we perceive the modern environment through such ancient mechanisms.

The face recognition feature in objects can have a ractical influence on our lives. If the car has a 'threatening look', it may provoke aggressiveness among other drivers. Signs of "eye-examiners" reduced cases of theft by more than half.

The success of each process stems from the level of connection between the process and its purpose and ultimate goal. When the human brain wants to recognize a person's face, it can do so by finding a common denominator, and by comparing complex patterns. The brain quickly maps the patterns to the problem it faces and prioritizes the various comparisons.

Facial wisdom - Personology is a familiar subject of study. Its basis was intuition, and with the development of research it became an exact science. Our facial features represent character traits inherent in man and allow us to see the person behind the mask.

The use of facial wisdom is evident in almost every aspect of life: the family communication, the workplace, and more. The theory of Personology presents an impressive and accurate analysis of the personality structure, The tools are reliable and they testify to the human skills, the pattern of its importance, its creation, and the mental barriers it contains.

Personology studies also lead to body language analysis, interpersonal communication, obsessive disorders, skin problems, and complementary medicine such as iridology and reflexology.





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Family of rocks in Bulgarian mountains



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Tribe of rocks in canyons country in Utah



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Face recognition software



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Ruin is similar to human face



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Hammock before windows create smiling face





Global Warming & Its Effects

Nick DAlleva


Global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer have been a concern over the last two decades and have recently become a very prominent global issue and a topic. While many opponents argue against the existence of the greenhouse effect, proof of it can be seen throughout nature.


The most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years. Many people are unaware that global warming causes and changes all types of weather. The heating of the earth causes the magnitude and strength of weather conditions to increase. As the oceans get warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation. In addition, many costal cities and regions have recently been experiencing flooding, caused by the melting of the polar icecaps. The Arctic’s perennial icecaps decline in area by nine percent each year. In the past thirty years, over ten national records were set for the highest temperatures in the summer and winter. Droughts and forest fires have been occurring dramatically more often in the past century. All of these effects have been directly linked to the release of greenhouse gases.

Each year the United States spends over 20 million dollars buying fossil fuels. This country emits one fourth of the world’s greenhouse gases; the most prominent of these gases is carbon dioxide, which is released from the burning of fossil fuels. Global warming has been a global issue for many years now. Some countries and people claim to be only vaguely concerned with the cause because they were unaware or uninformed of the issue. Roger Revelle, an oceanographer, helped to call out the problem to the public. After not receiving much feedback towards his cause, he criticized different governments in a jocular manner. He called warming “the great geophysical experiment.” He said, “The experiment is to load the atmosphere with as much carbon dioxide as possible, add a few other harmful gases, and see what happens.” Recently, several countries have been passing laws to prevent the world’s overheated destiny. Even with the setting of new rules and regulations, the earth continues to warm each year. Minimal efforts made to reduce the release of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, increase the rate and intensity of global warming.
Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature. The number of animals per specie has been decreasing annually due to harsh environmental changes. As the polar icecaps melt, all creatures that live there are left without shelter. For example, as seal dens have been melting, the number of seals has dropped. Events that occur in the spring, such as mating, migrating, laying eggs, and returning from hibernation have been taking place approximately 5.1 days earlier than they were fifty years ago. The early occurrence of these events proves that the earth is getting warmer each year. More proof of warming is the evidence of many animals traveling farther from the equator as they migrate. Although this change has been occurring with various creatures, butterflies and mosquitoes are being found the farthest from their natural habitats. Even though butterflies do not cause any known problems with the environment, mosquitoes are carries of malaria. This deadly disease has dangerously spread to new regions across the globe. If the world continues to warm, this issue, along with many others, will continue to grow.
A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants. Vegetation in an area differs concurrently with the climate of that same area. Throughout many parts of the world, flowers bloom 7 days earlier and trees reproduce 10 days earlier, both since 1900. As the growing seasons vary from very wet to very dry, agricultural growth cannot adapt. In some recent years, regions’ crops have been both flooded and dried out. Due to the depletion of the ozone, many crops cannot survive. Another problem is the movement and increase of allergens. Carbon in the atmosphere allows plants to go through photosynthesis more rapidly, allowing allergens to grow in number. This evidence found throughout all of nature makes it very clear that global warming is a huge issue.
A combination of various actions and, in some cases, not enough action causes global warming in the world today. The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, along with the other greenhouse gases of methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluocarbons, is the cause of the greenhouse effect. This effect is dangerously increasing as the gases are being released in greater quantities. These gases not only build up to keep heat in the atmosphere, but they also thin the ozone layer. Some areas have been so thinned by the gases that there are holes present in the ozone. These dangerous holes allow harmful UV rays from the sun to reach the earth. UV rays are the main cause of skin cancer. As the earth continues to increase its pollution level each year, the number of skin cancer patients increases.
Because it releases carbon dioxide into the air, the burning of fossil fuels is an environmentally harmful practice. Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by seawater. If the water is cold, it can hold more gas. Unfortunately, with global warming, the temperature of the oceans has been increasing. As the temperatures increase, more carbon dioxide is released. This vicious circle will continue to occur unless scientists cannot this from occurring. Particularly, petrol, or gasoline, is a leading source of the release of these carbon dioxide compounds. Petrol contains hydrocarbons that release carbon dioxide when they are burned. This reaction is unfortunately unavoidable. The only solution is a different fuel source. Carbon dioxide, once released, lasts up to 100 years in the atmosphere. It is the most abundant heat-absorbent gas besides water vapor, which is not considered as a greenhouse gas because it rains back to the earth in a continuous cycle.  The Mauna Loa Observatory has been measuring the level of carbon dioxide daily since 1958. Since their research began, the level in the atmosphere has drastically increased by 47 parts per million. Carbon dioxide makes up about one-half of the causes of global warming.
Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere. Methane, the next most prominent harmful gas, comes from cattle, asphalt, coal, oil, and rice fields. Lasting only ten years, methane absorbs thirty times more heat than carbon dioxide. Another greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, lasts approximately 180 years and absorbs 200 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide comes from microbes in soil that are found in fertilizers. Slash-and-burn farming and the burning of some fossil fuels also emit nitrous oxide. The final greenhouse gas, chlorofluocarbon, lasts 400 years in the air and retains 16, 000 times more heat. Chlorofluocarbons escape from various cooling systems. The combination of these four gases results in the retention of intense amounts of heat.
Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming. On February 3, 2007, French president, Jacques Chirac, proposed a new plan to prevent global warming.  He stated, “It’s our responsibility. The future of humanity demands it.” Forty-five nations, not including the United States, joined him in his efforts. Al Gore, however, is very involved with global warming and the greenhouse effect; he supports Chirac and plans to help. As it is the largest contributor to global warming, the United States unfortunately supports only voluntary reduction programs.
The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy. To some people, global warming is not of their concern because they feel it does not affect them. Although they may not realize it, global warming affects everyone, especially the future generations. Scientists mathematically simulate the globe’s weather systems. Their complex equations, called general circulation models (GCMs), are so complex and involve countless elements that they can take days to solve. Environmentalists verify that the hazardous combination of flooding and drought will significantly increase within the next century. The standard sea level has been rising annually for a while now. Some say that if the earth continues on the path it is on, then 95% of the Great Barrier Reef will disappear by 2075. They calculate that the glaciers in Glacier National Park could melt by 2030, and 37% of all species could be extinct by 2050.
Scientists directly link disease to global warming. Exposure to various climate or animal related diseases will increase in number and possibly brutality. Experts agree that skin cancer’s rapid rate of increase could be caused by the holes in the ozone layer. As these holes grow in size and number, the quantity of patients will also increase. Aside from natural and heath issues, the world’s economy is also at risk. Ross Gelbspan, author of Boiling Point, a book about Earth’s climate change from global warming, spoke about his book to the public in 2004 stating, “Climate issues will eventually tear holes in the global economy.” Research can show that if current weather patterns continue, the cost of insurance will increase drastically over the next few years. Gelbspan is one of many authors and scientists who look into the future to warn people what is to come; unfortunately, most people do not listen.
When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation. Many people do not realize that if they can slow the rapid warming process, then there will be more time to develop alternate energy sources, such as nuclear fusion. Holland and Germany, along with several small countries, have recognized this possibility and have committed to an 80% reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. If the United States would get involved in a program such as this, then the greenhouse effect would occur much slower than it does today. The world, especially America, needs to take action now. Stephen H. Schneider of the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCRA) once stated, “By the time we find the greenhouse warming had damaged earth’s ability to feed its people, it will be too late to do much about it.”
In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming; the greenhouse gasses suffocate the earth more each day. If countries make a greater effort to slow global warming, the world’s predestination may not be reached until many years later. Individually, people can recycle, use fuel-efficient cars, carpool, and simply raise awareness. As said by Elmer Robinson, the director of Mauna Loa Observatory had once said while speaking of global warming, “The true enemy is us.”


ABOUT THE AUTHOR


This article has been provided by Specialty Answering Service. Specialty is available as a Maryland answering service and Wisconsin answering service provider. We answer for each client 24 hours a day and follow their instructions to handle each inbound or outbound communication perfectly. 

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